How is the number of electors for each state determined?

The number of electors for each state in the Electoral College is determined by the total number of Senators and Representatives that the state has in Congress. Each state is allocated two Senators, irrespective of its population, and a varying number of Representatives based on the state's population as determined by the most recent U.S. Census. This structure ensures that every state has at least three electors (two Senators plus at least one Representative), regardless of its population size.

This approach reflects the balance between representation in the Senate, which gives equal voice to each state, and the House of Representatives, which is based on population. As a result, states with larger populations have more Representatives in Congress and, consequently, more electors, while smaller states are still guaranteed a minimum level of representation. This method of determining electors effectively combines both aspects of representation and population, maintaining a federalist system of governance where both the individual states and the populace have influence in the presidential election process.